Our Father Who Art In Heaven

A line-by-line exploration of the Lord's Prayer through the writings of famous theological commentators

Please select a commentary by clicking on one of the following:-

Matthew Henry on "Our Father"

Adam Clarke on "Our Father"

Albert Barnes on "Our Father"

(Commentary on Matthew chapter 6, verse 9)

Wesley Study Notes
Matthew 6:9-13
Commentary by John Calvin
Lords Prayer Matt 6:9
Commentary by John Calvin
Lords Prayer Matt 6:10
Commentary by John Calvin
Lords Prayer Matt 6:11
Commentary by John Calvin
Lords Prayer Matt 6:12
Commentary by John Calvin
Lords Prayer Matt 6:13
Sermon by Charles Spurgeon
"The Fatherhood of God"
Sermon by Charles Spurgeon
"A Heavenly Pattern..."
Interpretation by
Alexander Maclaren - intro
Interpretation by
Alexander Maclaren - part 1
Interpretation by
Alexander Maclaren - part 2
a contemporary bible study
on the Lord's Prayer

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Matthew Henry on "Our Father"

I. The preface, Our Father who art in heaven. Before we come to our business, there must be a solemn address to him with whom our business lies; Our Father. Intimating, that we must pray, not only alone and for ourselves, but with and for others; for we are members one of another, and are called into fellowship with each other. We are here taught to whom to pray, to God only, and not to saints and angels, for they are ignorant of us, are not to have the high honours we give in prayer, nor can give favours we expect. We are taught how to address ourselves to God, and what title to give him, that which speaks him rather beneficent than magnificent, for we are to come boldly to the throne of grace.
1. We must address ourselves to him as our Father, and must call him so. He is a common Father to all mankind by creation, Mal 2:10,Ac 17:28. He is in a special manner a Father to the saints, by adoption and regeneration (Eph 1:5,Ga 4:6); and an unspeakable privilege it is. Thus we must eye him in prayer, keep up good thoughts of him, such as are encouraging and not affrighting; nothing more pleasing to God, nor pleasant to ourselves, than to call God Father. Christ in prayer mostly called God Father. If he be our Father, he will pity us under our weaknesses and infirmities (Ps 103:13), will spare us (Mal 3:17), will make the best of our performances, though very defective, will deny us nothing that is good for us, Lu 11:11-13. We have access with boldness to him, as to a father, and have an advocate with the Father, and the Spirit of adoption. When we come repenting of our sins, we must eye God as a Father, as the prodigal did (Lu 15:18,Jer 3:19); when we come begging for grace, and peace, and the inheritance and blessing of sons, it is an encouragement that we come to God, not as an unreconciled, avenging Judge, but as a loving, gracious, reconciled Father in Christ, Jer 3:4.
2. As our Father in heaven: so in heaven as to be every where else, for the heaven cannot contain him; yet so in heaven as there to manifest his glory, for it is his throne (Ps 103:19), and it is to believers a throne of grace: thitherward we must direct our prayers, for Christ the Mediator is now in heaven, Heb 8:1. Heaven is out of sight, and a world of spirits, therefore our converse with God in prayer must be spiritual; it is on high, therefore in prayer we must be raised above the world, and lift up our hearts, Ps 5:1. Heaven is a place of perfect purity, and we must therefore lift up pure hands, must study to sanctify his name, who is the Holy One, and dwells in that holy place, Le 10:3. From heaven God beholds the children of men, Ps 33:13,14. And we must in prayer see his eye upon us: thence he has a full and clear view of all our wants and burdens and desires, and all our infirmities. It is the firmament of his power likewise, as well as of his prospect, Ps 150:1. He is not only, as a Father, able to help us, able to do great things for us, more than we can ask or think; he has wherewith to supply our needs, for every good gift is from above. He is a Father, and therefore we may come to him with boldness, but a Father in heaven, and therefore we must come with reverence, Ec 5:2. Thus all our prayers should correspond with that which is our great aim as Christians, and that is, to be with God in heaven. God and heaven, the end of our whole conversation, must be particularly eyed in every prayer; there is the centre to which we are all tending. By prayer, we send before us thither, where we profess to be going.

Source: Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible Volume V (Matthew to John)

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Adam Clarke on "Our Father"

Our Father] It was a maxim of the Jews, that a man should not
pray alone, but join with the Church; by which they particularly
meant that he should, whether alone or with the synagogue, use the
plural number as comprehending all the followers of God. Hence,
they say, Let none pray the short prayer, i.e. as the gloss
expounds it, the prayer in the singular, but in the plural number.
See Lightfoot on this place.

This prayer was evidently made in a peculiar manner for the
children of God. And hence we are taught to say, not MY Father,
but OUR Father. The heart, says one, of a child of God, is a
brotherly heart, in respect of all other Christians: it asks
nothing but in the spirit of unity, fellowship, and Christian
charity; desiring that for its brethren which it desires for
itself.

The word Father, placed here at the beginning of this prayer,
includes two grand ideas, which should serve as a foundation to
all our petitions: 1st. That tender and respectful love which we
should feel for God, such as that which children feel for their
fathers. 2dly. That strong confidence in God's love to us, such
as fathers have for their children. Thus all the petitions in
this prayer stand in strictest reference to the word Father; the
first three referring to the love we have for God; and the three
last, to that confidence which we have in the love he bears to us.

The relation we stand in to this first and best of beings
dictates to us reverence for his person, zeal for his honour,
obedience to his will, submission to his dispensations and
chastisements, and resemblance to his nature.

Which art in heaven] The phrase , abinu
sheboshemayim, our Father who art in heaven, was very common among
the ancient Jews; and was used by them precisely in the same sense
as it is used here by our Lord.

This phrase in the Scriptures seems used to express:

1st. His OMNIPRESENCE. The heaven of heavens cannot contain
thee. 1Ki 8:27: that is, Thou fillest immensity.

2dly. His MAJESTY and DOMINION over his creatures. Art thou not
God in heaven, and rulest thou not over all the kingdoms of the
heathen? 2Ch 20:6.

3dly. His POWER and MIGHT. Art thou not God in heaven, and in
thy hand is there not power and might, so that no creature is able
to withstand thee! 2Ch 20:6.
Our God is in heaven, and hath done whatsoever he pleased.
Ps 115:3.

4thly. His OMNISCIENCE. The Lord's throne is in heaven, his
eyes behold, his eye-lids try the children of men. Ps 11:4.
The Lord looketh down from heaven, he beholdeth all the sons of
men. Ps 33:13-15.

5thly. His infinite PURITY and HOLINESS. Look down from thy holy
habitation, . De 26:15.
Thou art the high and lofty One, who inhabiteth eternity, whose
name is holy. Isa 57:15.

Source: Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Albert Barnes on "Our Father"

Verse 9. Our Father. God is called a Father,

(1.) as he is the Creator and the Great Parent of all.

(2.) The Preserver of the human family, and the Provider for their wants, Mt 5:45, 6:32.

(3.) In a peculiar sense the Father of those who are adopted into his family, who put confidence in him, who are true followers of Christ, and made heirs of life, Rom 8:14-17.

Source: Barnes' New Testament Notes